INNOVATION RANKING AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON AT GLOBAL AND EU LEVEL

POPP JÓZSEF - VAJNA ISTVÁN* - OLÁH JUDIT

Keywords: Keywords: innovation ranking, innovation performance, R&D, agricultural innovation JEL-codes: D83, O30

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The EU's research and development spending lags significantly behind the R&D spending of South Korea, the USA and Japan, and China has even overtaken the EU in this ranking. The EU is therefore unable to keep up with its global competitors, and its international competitiveness is continuously declining. Significant differences emerged between the performance of the innovation system of the member states, where Hungary ranks 21st among the 27 member states. The efficiency of the innovation system in Hungary therefore remains low in international comparison, at around 60% of the EU average. In the V4 countries, Hungary's position is the weakest compared to the EU average. Domestic innovation spending has been continuously increasing, but R&D spending as a percentage of GDP has decreased in 2022 and 2023. In Hungary, the fragmentation of the innovation system is a hindering factor, as is the low level of production linkages between knowledge-producing and other sectors and the high proportion of knowledge imports into production, making the process of knowledge transfer, i.e. the growth of innovation output, more difficult. In practice, the relatively high R&D expenditure has not created sufficient quantity and quality of innovation that can be utilized in production in domestic agriculture. Meanwhile, state R&D support for agriculture decreased by 60% between 2020 and 2022. Agricultural innovation today is still mainly about adopting proven innovations, but at the same time, innovative solutions born from fresh ideas also exist in the domestic agricultural sector.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53079/GAZDALKODAS.69.3.t.pp_181-201